The Ultimate Guide
Accommodations are essential tools for success for students with dyslexia. In her comprehensive book, Decoding Dyslexia, Dr. Sally Shaywitz says, “Dyslexia robs a person of time; accommodations return it.” Students with dyslexia sometimes read slowly. They sometimes need to reread multiple times to comprehend well. As a result, they tend to work through assigned reading much more slowly than peers. Students are often exhausted when they are finished, even if they get through the work.
Accommodations are essential to help level the playing field for students who struggle with reading or writing. Dyslexic students are just as smart and have just as much to offer as their classmates. But they may struggle to get new information, or to share what they know, if reading and writing are the only methods offered. Accommodations help students with dyslexia to access the curriculum – to have the same learning opportunities as their classmates.
Work done with dyslexia accommodations is not a “worse” or “easier” way of doing the work, just different. They are a matter of individual needs. I personally find it more taxing to listen to an audiobook than to read it with my eyes. But for a student who is still learning to decode, an audiobook can be a huge time and energy saver!
When considering a dyslexia accommodation for school, the team have to consider whether the student can use the accommodation on their own. Students might need assistance, teaching or reminders to use the accommodations on their own. This is particularly important if new assistive technology is being recommended. The IEP should include training on appropriate use of any technology in IEP accommodations.
To learn more about dyslexia and the IEP process, check out our Introduction to Dyslexia resources.
Introduction to Dyslexia Accommodations
Dyslexia is a common learning difference that affects a person’s ability to read, write, and spell. This neurological condition can make traditional learning environments challenging for students. However, with proper accommodations, individuals with dyslexia can thrive academically and socially. These accommodations are essential for leveling the playing field and ensuring that every student has the opportunity to succeed. In this blog post, we will explore practical tips for both teachers and parents to support children with dyslexia.
Section 1: Understanding Dyslexia Accommodations
What Are Accommodations?
Accommodations are adjustments and supports provided to help students with dyslexia access the curriculum and demonstrate their knowledge without being hindered by their reading and writing difficulties. These can include changes in the teaching environment, the use of specialized tools, or adjustments in the way assessments are administered.
Accommodations vs. Modifications
It is important to distinguish between accommodations and modifications. Accommodations do not change the learning expectations; instead, they alter the way information is presented or the way students can respond. Modifications, on the other hand, change the expectations or the level of difficulty of the content. For example, an accommodation might involve providing an audiobook for a student to listen to instead of reading a printed text, while a modification might involve simplifying the text itself or assigning a different book.
Importance of Early Intervention
Early intervention is crucial for children with dyslexia. Identifying and addressing dyslexia early can prevent years of frustration and help students build confidence and academic skills. In the first years after dyslexia diagnosis, students should be given the explicit instruction they need until they close the gap and learn the skills they are missing. But until they are reading at the same level as their peers, and often even then, accommodations should be part of a comprehensive approach to supporting students with dyslexia.
Section 2: Classroom Accommodations
Seating Arrangements and Environmental Adjustments
A classroom environment can significantly impact a student’s ability to focus and learn. For students with dyslexia, seating arrangements that minimize distractions can make a big difference. Researchers estimate that 30% of people with dyslexia also have ADHD. Similar accommodations for seating might be helpful. Seating accommodations might mean sitting close to the teacher, away from windows or doors, and in a quieter part of the classroom.
Students might also need more time to read content or write notes. Having a way to keep the teacher’s slides or notes posted longer for review, or providing a copy to the student, can give them more complete access to the teacher’s instruction.
Use of Assistive Technology
Assistive technology can be a game-changer for students with dyslexia. With tools like audiobooks, text-to-speech software, and voice recognition programs, students can access learning materials and produce high-quality work. These technologies allow students to participate fully in classroom activities and complete assignments more independently.
Many schools have 1:1 device programs, where each student is assigned a device (often an iPad or a Chromebook) for their individual use throughout school and for homework. These devices can be customized for students who need dyslexia accommodations. Between the native settings of Apple, Chrome and Android devices and apps and extensions that are free or inexpensive, there are lots of ways to make the device work best for each student.
Extended Time on Tests and Assignments
Many students with dyslexia process information more slowly than their peers. Providing extended time on tests and assignments can help alleviate the pressure and allow these students to demonstrate their true abilities. This accommodation ensures that assessments measure a student’s knowledge rather than their reading speed.
Document needs for extended time clearly, and keep supporting evidence (formal testing, evidence that the accommodations are actively used). This can help students stay eligible for the needed accommodations on standardized tests. States have diverse and complex rules for the use of accommodations on their annual assessments. National or worldwide tests, like the ACT and SAT, have even stricter guidelines for who qualifies for accommodations.
While it can seem “good enough” for the teachers to “give her as long as she needs,” make sure you document the need for accommodations in an IEP or 504. This helps to safeguard students against changes in school policy, or arbitrary decisions from future teachers.
Visual Aids and Organizers
Visual supports, such as graphic organizers, charts, and color-coded materials, can help students with dyslexia organize their thoughts and belongings and understand complex information. These tools provide a visual representation of concepts that can make learning more accessible.
It’s essential that students get instruction and practice with using these tools. A folder full of graphic organizers is useless if the student doesn’t know how to choose one and use it. I work with students to systematically use the organizing tools they choose, until they become second nature. Accommodations should make work feel less overwhelming. An unfamiliar or overly complex tool can be more of a hindrance than a help.
Section 3: Home Accommodations
Creating a Supportive Homework Environment
A supportive homework environment is essential for students with dyslexia. This includes a quiet, well-lit workspace free from distractions. Establishing a consistent homework routine can help students develop good study habits and reduce anxiety. Keep in mind, students who struggle academically often end the school day exhausted!
Before you pull out the whiteboard and timers, check in with your child about their energy level. Are they hungry? Tired?
Use of Apps and Tools at Home
There are many apps and tools available to support students with dyslexia at home. Apps like Learning Ally, which provides access to audiobooks, and speech-to-text programs like Dragon NaturallySpeaking can be extremely helpful. These tools can make reading and writing tasks more manageable and less stressful.
Strategies for Parents to Support Reading and Writing
Parents play a crucial role in supporting their children’s literacy development. Parents might read schoolwork out loud, coordinate the use of audiobooks, and promote writing in a fun and stress-free way. Older students, may benefit from having their writing read out loud to them while they edit. And one of the most important ways a parent can support their child is by actively participating in team meetings and asking questions of the school staff.
Building a Routine and Structure
Consistency is key for students with dyslexia. A structured daily routine that includes time for homework, nutrition, breaks, and leisure activities can help children manage their time effectively and reduce anxiety. That includes helping your child get to bed at a reasonable time, even if their homework isn’t finished. Professionals will all have their opinions about what your child needs the most. But you are in a unique position as a parent to help your child shape their schedule and routine in a way that works best for them.
Section 4: Legal Aspects
Overview of IEPs and 504 Plans
Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and 504 Plans are legal documents. They outline the accommodations and/or services a student with disabilities will receive in school. An IEP is designed for students who qualify for special education services and have goals. On the other hand, a 504 Plan provides accommodations for students with disabilities who do not require specialized instruction but still need supports to access the general education curriculum.
Rights of Students Under IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures that students with disabilities, including dyslexia, have the right to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE). This law mandates that schools provide the necessary accommodations and services to support students’ learning needs.
How to Advocate for Dyslexia Accommodations in School
Parents and guardians are vital advocates for their children. Understanding the rights and available supports under IDEA and other laws is crucial. Parents should work closely with teachers, school administrators, and special education professionals to develop and implement effective accommodation plans. Regular communication and collaboration are essential to ensure that accommodations are meeting the student’s needs.
If you have questions about how to advocate for your child, Decoding Dyslexia is a network of local groups that can help you understand the local laws and policies that apply to your child.
Conclusion
Tailored accommodations are vital for the success of students with dyslexia. By working together, parents, teachers, and specialists can create supportive learning environments that allow these students to thrive. Together, we can make a significant difference in the lives of children with dyslexia.